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Constitutional Amendments | Kerala PSC LDC
- Fact 1 of 8📜
The very first amendment
The First Amendment (1951) added the Ninth Schedule to the Constitution. Laws placed in it were originally meant to be protected from being challenged in courts, a favourite Kerala PSC question.
- Fact 2 of 8📘
The 'Mini Constitution'
The 42nd Amendment (1976) is called the 'Mini Constitution'. It added the words Socialist, Secular and Integrity to the Preamble and introduced Fundamental Duties.
- Fact 3 of 8🏠
Property lost its 'fundamental' tag
The 44th Amendment (1978) removed the Right to Property from the Fundamental Rights. It is now only a legal right under Article 300A.
- Fact 4 of 8🗳️
Voting at 18
The 61st Amendment (1988) lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years, letting millions of young Indians vote for the first time.
- Fact 5 of 8🏡
Power to the Panchayats
The 73rd Amendment (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj. It added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule, which lists 29 subjects for panchayats.
- Fact 6 of 8🎒
Education became a Fundamental Right
The 86th Amendment (2002) inserted Article 21A, making free and compulsory education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6 to 14. It also added the 11th Fundamental Duty.
- Fact 7 of 8⚖️
Article 368: the amending power
Article 368, in Part XX of the Constitution, lays down the power and procedure by which Parliament can amend the Constitution.
- Fact 8 of 8💰
One nation, one tax
The 101st Amendment (2016) introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. It created the GST Council under Article 279A.
